Master Your Actuarial Interview
Comprehensive questions, model answers, and proven strategies to help you succeed
- Real‑world actuarial scenarios
- STAR‑formatted model answers
- Competency‑focused evaluation criteria
- Tips to avoid common pitfalls
- Ready‑to‑use practice pack
Technical Knowledge
At my previous firm we needed to price a new term life product for a 35‑year‑old male demographic.
Develop a premium that reflected mortality risk, expense loadings, and regulatory constraints.
I extracted the relevant mortality rates from the latest SOA table, adjusted for select period, applied a discount rate to calculate present value of future benefits, added expense and profit loadings, and validated the result against the company’s pricing guidelines and state regulations.
The final premium was 0.85% of the sum assured, meeting profitability targets while staying compliant, and was approved for launch within the quarter.
- What assumptions did you make about lapse rates?
- How would you incorporate policyholder behavior?
- Which software tools would you use for this calculation?
- Clarity of methodology
- Correct use of mortality tables
- Inclusion of expense and profit loadings
- Regulatory compliance awareness
- Logical flow of explanation
- Vague references to "standard methods" without detail
- Ignoring expense loadings or regulatory limits
- Extract appropriate mortality rates
- Adjust for select period and policy features
- Discount future benefits to present value
- Add expense and profit loadings
- Validate against regulatory limits
Our claims reserving team needed to assess the variability of future claim payments for a large casualty portfolio.
Implement a stochastic model to quantify reserve risk and report a range of possible outcomes.
I selected a bootstrap approach, resampled residuals from the development factors, generated 10,000 simulated loss triangles, calculated ultimate losses for each, and derived the 75th and 95th percentile reserves. I then presented the results with a risk‑adjusted capital recommendation.
The analysis revealed a 12% reserve variability, leading senior management to increase capital allocation by $3 million and adjust pricing for the next underwriting cycle.
- Why choose bootstrap over Monte Carlo?
- How do you ensure the model reflects tail risk?
- What data quality checks are essential before simulation?
- Appropriate method selection
- Understanding of simulation mechanics
- Clear communication of risk metrics
- Link to business decisions
- Skipping data validation steps
- Failing to explain choice of percentile levels
- Choose a stochastic method (bootstrap, Monte Carlo)
- Resample development factors or residuals
- Generate multiple simulated loss triangles
- Calculate ultimate losses for each simulation
- Derive percentile-based reserve estimates
- Communicate risk implications to stakeholders
Behavioral
During a quarterly board meeting, the CFO asked why our loss ratio had increased despite stable premiums.
Translate the actuarial explanation of emerging claim trends into business‑focused language.
I prepared a concise slide showing claim frequency trends, used analogies (e.g., “weather patterns”) to illustrate volatility, and linked the data to potential pricing adjustments. I then walked the CFO through the visual, answering questions in plain terms.
The CFO grasped the issue quickly, approved a targeted rate review, and the board commended the clear presentation.
- How did you gauge the stakeholder’s understanding?
- What would you do if they challenged your assumptions?
- Clarity and simplicity
- Use of visual aids
- Link to business outcomes
- Responsiveness to questions
- Over‑technical jargon
- Lack of business relevance
- Identify the key actuarial insight
- Create a simple visual aid
- Use relatable analogies
- Focus on business impact
While reviewing a new auto insurance pricing model, I noticed the lapse rate assumptions were based on outdated data.
Assess the impact and propose an updated approach before the model went live.
I ran sensitivity tests comparing the old lapse rates to recent experience, quantified a 3% overpricing risk, and presented findings to the pricing committee with a recommendation to incorporate the latest lapse data and adjust the model parameters.
The committee accepted the changes, preventing potential loss of market share and ensuring compliance with internal pricing standards.
- What data sources did you use for the updated lapse rates?
- How did you ensure regulatory compliance after the change?
- Analytical rigor
- Impact quantification
- Effective communication
- Regulatory awareness
- Failing to quantify impact
- Ignoring stakeholder input
- Detect outdated assumption
- Conduct sensitivity analysis
- Quantify impact
- Present recommendation
Case Study
A regional office provided a snapshot of 5,000 policies with age, exposure, and claim cost data for the past year.
Determine whether existing premiums reflect the underlying risk profile.
I segmented the data by age bands, calculated loss ratios for each segment, performed a GLM to model claim severity as a function of age, and compared predicted costs to current premiums. I identified underpriced segments (ages 25‑34) and recommended rate adjustments with supporting profitability forecasts.
The analysis led to a 4% premium increase for the identified segment, improving overall loss ratio by 0.6 points without eroding competitiveness.
- Which link function would you choose for the GLM and why?
- How would you test the robustness of your recommendations?
- Data segmentation logic
- Appropriate statistical modeling
- Clear link to pricing decisions
- Business impact articulation
- Skipping model validation
- Overlooking expense loadings
- Segment data by age
- Compute segment loss ratios
- Fit a GLM for claim severity
- Compare model‑predicted costs to premiums
- Recommend adjustments
Our firm was approached by a corporate client interested in a high‑deductible health plan with wellness incentives.
Assess the product’s expected profitability and risk profile before quoting a price.
I gathered historical claim data for comparable products, adjusted for demographic differences, built a frequency‑severity model using a Tweedie distribution, incorporated cost‑of‑care inflation trends, applied regulatory reserve requirements, and performed scenario analysis on utilization rates. I also evaluated the impact of wellness incentives on claim frequency.
The model projected a 7% profit margin under baseline assumptions, with sensitivity analysis showing profitability remains above 4% even under adverse utilization scenarios, supporting a competitive quote to the client.
- How would you factor in potential changes in medical cost inflation?
- What regulatory reserves are required for health products in your jurisdiction?
- Comprehensive data approach
- Appropriate modeling technique
- Inclusion of regulatory and inflation factors
- Scenario analysis depth
- Ignoring regulatory reserve requirements
- Failing to test sensitivity
- Collect comparable claim data
- Adjust for demographic differences
- Develop frequency‑severity model (e.g., Tweedie)
- Incorporate inflation and regulatory reserves
- Run scenario and sensitivity analyses
- Assess impact of wellness incentives
- actuarial modeling
- risk assessment
- mortality tables
- regulatory compliance
- data analysis