Ace Your Chemical Engineer Interview
Master technical concepts, safety protocols, and leadership scenarios with expert-crafted Q&A.
- Cover core process design and reaction engineering topics
- Include safety, regulatory, and environmental compliance scenarios
- Provide behavioral STAR responses for leadership roles
- Offer tips, red‑flags, and evaluation criteria for each answer
Technical Knowledge
In my senior design project we sized a continuous stirred‑tank reactor (CSTR).
We needed to determine the required feed rates and heat removal to meet production targets.
I wrote the mass balance equations for each component, applied steady‑state assumptions, and coupled them with an energy balance accounting for reaction enthalpy and coolant duty.
The calculations gave us the optimal feed composition and cooling water flow, which we validated with a pilot run achieving 95% conversion.
- How would you handle non‑ideal flow behavior?
- What changes if the reactor operates batchwise?
- Clarity of balance equations
- Correct inclusion of energy terms
- Logical problem‑solving flow
- Omitting energy balance
- Confusing steady‑state with transient
- Define steady‑state material balance
- Write component equations
- Develop energy balance including reaction heat
- Solve for unknowns
- Validate with pilot data
During an interview for a process engineer role I was asked to compare reactor types.
Explain key operational and design distinctions.
I highlighted that batch reactors operate in discrete cycles with flexible scheduling, while continuous reactors run steady‑state, offering higher throughput and consistent product quality. I also mentioned differences in control strategies, equipment sizing, and suitability for hazardous reactions.
The interviewer noted my concise comparison and asked follow‑up on scale‑up considerations.
- When would you choose a batch reactor for a large‑scale production?
- How does residence time distribution differ?
- Accurate technical distinctions
- Relevance to industry context
- Depth of explanation
- Over‑generalizing without examples
- Operation mode (discrete vs steady)
- Throughput and productivity
- Control complexity
- Equipment sizing
- Safety and scale‑up implications
Process Design & Optimization
At my internship I was tasked with improving energy efficiency of a small polymer plant.
Perform pinch analysis to identify heat integration opportunities.
I gathered stream data, plotted composite curves, identified the pinch point, and proposed heat exchanger network modifications, including a heat cascade and utility reduction.
The redesign cut utility consumption by 18%, saving $120k annually and reducing CO₂ emissions.
- What software tools can assist pinch analysis?
- How do you handle non‑conforming streams?
- Methodical data handling
- Correct identification of pinch
- Practical recommendations
- Skipping composite curve construction
- Ignoring temperature approach constraints
- Collect temperature‑enthalpy data for all streams
- Create hot and cold composite curves
- Identify pinch temperature
- Determine minimum utility requirements
- Design heat exchanger network
In a research project we needed a catalyst for selective hydrogenation of a dienic compound.
Identify a catalyst that maximized selectivity while minimizing deactivation.
I reviewed literature, screened metal‑support combinations, performed lab tests for activity and selectivity, and evaluated catalyst life under process conditions.
We selected a Pd‑on‑Al₂O₃ catalyst achieving 92% selectivity and a 200‑hour run time, which was adopted for pilot scale.
- How would you address catalyst poisoning in continuous operation?
- What economic factors influence catalyst choice?
- Depth of screening process
- Consideration of cost and longevity
- Clear communication of results
- Focusing only on activity without selectivity
- Literature review of catalyst families
- Define performance criteria (activity, selectivity, stability)
- Experimental screening
- Scale‑up feasibility assessment
Safety & Compliance
During a safety audit I was asked to outline hazard control strategies.
Present the hierarchy of controls clearly to a mixed audience.
I described elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and PPE, providing examples for each within a chemical plant context.
The team adopted additional engineering controls, reducing incident reports by 12% over six months.
- Give an example where engineering controls were insufficient and PPE became critical.
- Accurate ordering of controls
- Relevant plant examples
- Clarity
- Misordering the hierarchy
- Elimination – remove the hazard
- Substitution – replace with less hazardous material
- Engineering controls – containment, ventilation
- Administrative controls – procedures, training
- Personal protective equipment
Our company planned to launch a new surfactant in the EU market.
Verify REACH registration and safety data requirements.
I performed a substance identification, gathered toxicological data, prepared a registration dossier, coordinated with a third‑party consultant, and submitted the dossier to ECHA within the deadline.
The product received REACH registration on time, enabling market entry without legal delays.
- How do you handle substances of very high concern (SVHC) under REACH?
- Understanding of REACH phases
- Attention to documentation
- Timeline management
- Skipping data gap analysis
- Identify substance and tonnage
- Collect hazard and exposure data
- Prepare registration dossier (technical, safety)
- Submit to ECHA
- Maintain post‑registration compliance
Behavioral
In my previous role the distillation column had a recurring capacity bottleneck affecting downstream units.
Lead a team of process, mechanical, and control engineers to increase throughput.
I organized a root‑cause analysis workshop, assigned tasks, facilitated weekly progress meetings, and implemented a column internals redesign with improved tray efficiency and upgraded control logic.
Throughput increased by 22%, downtime dropped by 30%, and the project was completed two weeks ahead of schedule.
- What challenges did you face coordinating different disciplines?
- How did you ensure stakeholder buy‑in?
- Leadership actions
- Collaboration evidence
- Quantifiable results
- Vague team description
- Identify bottleneck impact
- Form cross‑functional team
- Conduct root‑cause analysis
- Develop and implement solution
- Measure results
During a pilot plant run a sudden exothermic runaway was detected in a reactor.
Decide immediate actions to protect personnel and equipment.
I initiated the emergency shutdown procedure, ordered isolation of feed streams, activated the quench system, and coordinated with the safety team to evacuate the area while monitoring pressure relief valve performance.
The reaction was safely terminated, no injuries occurred, and equipment damage was limited to minor valve wear.
- How do you ensure emergency procedures are up‑to‑date?
- What post‑incident analysis would you perform?
- Speed and correctness of actions
- Safety priority
- Clear communication
- Delaying shutdown
- Recognize emergency signal
- Activate shutdown protocol
- Isolate hazardous streams
- Engage safety team
- Assess outcome